Instead, the way information is presented can alter how we perceive and make decisions about it. This shows that we do not always make decisions rationally. In all reality, the information on each label is the same - it is just presented in a different way. Cognitive psychology or a postal worker? Most people would guess that Helena is a cognitive psychologist because her characteristics better match their prototype of psychologists.Ĭan lead to faulty reasoning if we fail to take other information into accountīase rate: which is how frequently an event occursĮxample: there are many more postal workers than cognitive psychologists. She enjoys working on mathematical puzzles, talking with other people, reading, and gardening. We use this heuristic when we base a decision on how closely each option matches what we already believeĮxample: Say that Helena is intelligent, ambitious, and scientifically minded. The tendency to place objects or people in a category if they are similar to the concept that is the prototype. We tend to rely on prototypes in making decisions Representativeness heuristic Also reveals that we make decisions based on prototypes Thought and action in pursuit of convergent instrumental subgoals do not automatically reveal why those subgoals are being pursued-towards what supergoals-because many other agents with different supergoals would also pursue those subgoals, maybe with overlapping thought and action. In other words, we tend to rely on information that is easy to retrieve. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.Representativeness Availability heuristic Tendency to make a decision based on information that comes most easily to mind. sk./books/the-psychology-of-thinking The Psychology of Thinking Books Add to list The Psychology of Thinking By: John Paul Minda Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd Publication year: 2015 Online pub date: FebruDiscipline: Psychology Subject: Thinking, Reasoning & Problem-solving, Cognitive Psychology (general), Consumer Behavior DOI: doi. A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. Implicit stereotypes and the predictive brain: cognition and culture in “biased” person perception. Assessing the use of cognitive heuristic representativeness in clinical reasoning. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. The representativeness heuristic in political decision making. Cognitive biases resulting from the representativeness heuristic in operations management: an experimental investigation. 2002 33(11):22.ĪlKhars M, Evangelopoulos N, Pavur R, Kulkarni S. Such stereotypes can also lead to systemic discrimination against different groups of people. The prototypes people hold can become stereotypes, which lead people to make prejudiced judgments of other people.
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